Comparative analysis of privacy and decentralized identity infrastructure @useTria • @idOS_network • @BeldexCoin Tria, idOS, and Beldex are projects that aim to address privacy and identity management in the web3 environment through different approaches. Tria is a chain-abstracted payment infrastructure that emphasizes usability, implementing a user-centric self-custody neobank by combining distributed key signing technology (TSS) with EigenLayer's re-staking security model. idOS builds enterprise-level identity infrastructure, supporting encrypted identity data storage and regulatory-compliant KYC reuse. Beldex is a layer 1 network that ensures anonymity at the protocol level, encrypting both transactions and communications to guarantee censorship resistance. Each of the three projects pursues different goals centered around UX, regulatory compliance, and complete anonymity. Tria has an architecture that combines TSS wallet infrastructure and BestPath AVS on a layer 2 structure based on @arbitrum Orbit. Private keys are not restored at a single point but are distributedly signed within an AMD SEV protected environment. Additionally, it enhances economic security through EigenLayer re-staking and performs efficient validation through competition among signers. idOS consists of a storage network based on Kwil and an economic network based on Arbitrum Orbit, where all identity data is stored in an encrypted form on the client side. This structure allows users to directly control data access rights, designed so that third parties cannot view plaintext data. Beldex introduces ring signatures, stealth addresses, and RingCT based on the CryptoNote protocol derived from Monero, anonymizing the sender, receiver, and amount. Furthermore, 12 master node quorums generate blocks, requiring signatures from more than 7 to maintain consensus stability. In terms of security and privacy, Tria prevents key restoration through an asynchronous distributed key generation method utilizing Lit Protocol nodes and uses ChaCha20-Poly1305 for encrypted communication. idOS applies X25519-XSalsa20-Poly1305 encryption and enables recovery without a seed phrase through Partisia's MPC technology. Access control is based on time-limited tokens, preventing data exposure through re-encryption per recipient. Beldex, in addition to transaction anonymity, applies TextSecure ratchet and onion routing through the BChat messenger, concealing even metadata. Network security is guaranteed through a collateral deposit of 10,000 BDX and a block-level locking structure. From the perspective of identity and access management, Tria utilizes an ERC-4337 based account abstraction model to support gasless transactions and a social login-based DID system. idOS issues W3C-compliant verifiable credentials (VC), with access rights controlled based on time. Users can fully control data access while holding their personal decryption keys. Beldex maintains privacy through proof of key ownership instead of identity, supporting local wallet storage and multi-signatures. In terms of ecosystem scalability, Tria integrates over 250,000 users and more than 70 protocols, expanding into real-world payment areas through Visa card and AI network integration. idOS has built a consortium collaborating with major projects such as Arbitrum, Circle, Ripple, NEAR, and Tezos, providing a regulatory-friendly infrastructure. Beldex operates over 2,000 active master nodes and various privacy application services such as messaging, VPN, and browsers. Regarding regulation and transparency, Tria does not clearly mention regulatory licenses in its documentation, and external security audits have not been disclosed. idOS meets major data protection regulations such as GDPR, CCPA, and MiCA, with a structure that executes deletion and retention regulations based on consensus. In contrast, Beldex relies on governance through economic staking rather than legal regulations, with some mid-level vulnerabilities reported in security audits. In conclusion, Tria has strengths in user experience and practical payment integration, while idOS provides enterprise-level reliability as a regulatory-friendly identity infrastructure. Beldex has a high level of technical completeness for complete privacy protection and maintains an independent position as a censorship-resistant network. Rather than direct competition, they perform complementary ecosystem roles aligned with their respective technical focuses.